Learn about capsular contracture - side effect from using silicone and saline breast implants, its gradation and other related aftereffects: hematoma, seroma; changes in nipple and breast sensation; extrusion; tissue atrophy and chest wall deformity.

Capsular Contracture and Others

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Capsules of tightly-woven collagen fibers form as an immune reply around a foreign body (eg. breast implants, pacemakers, orthopedic joint prosthetics), tending to part it off. Capsular contracture happens when the capsule tightens and grasps the implant. This contracture is the most common complication from silicone and saline breast implants, and can be very painful and deform the appearance of the implanted breast. The authentic reason of contracture is not known yet, however, some aspects comprise bacterial contamination, silicone rupture or leakage, and hematoma. Modification of moderate to severe capsular contracture includes elimination of the implant capsule or removal (and possible replacement) of the implant itself, nevertheless after these measures capsular contracture still has a tendency to return.

There are four grades of capsular contracture:

• Grade I - breast normally soft and looks natural
• Grade II - breast little firm and looks normal
• Grade III - breast firm and looks abnormal (visible distortion)
• Grade IV - breast hard, painful and looks abnormal (greater distortion)

Hematoma/Seroma
Hematoma is a gathering of blood inside a body cavity and a seroma is a gathering of the watery portion of the blood around the implant or around curing. If the implant is damaged during draining the incision, a small scar can form or a rupture may arise. Post-operative hematoma and seroma may contribute to infection or capsular contracture.

Changes in Nipple and Breast Sensation
Sensation in the nipple and breast can change after implant surgery. Changes differ from intense to no feeling in the nipple or breast after surgery. This changed sensation can be temporary or permanent and may affect sexual response or the ability to nurse a baby.

Extrusion
Unstable or weakened tissue covering and/or interruption of wound healing may result in extrusion, (when the breast implant comes through the skin). Surgery needed to correct this can result in unacceptable scarring or breast tissue loss.

Tissue Atrophy/Chest Wall Deformity
Pressure of the breast implant may induce the breast tissue to thin and shrink. This can take place while implants are still in place or following implant removal without substitute.